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Africa's critical minerals: concentrate exporter or materials producer?

Graphite, lithium, nickel and cobalt endowments are established. Processing location is the open question that determines value capture.

21 Aug 202611 min read

Balama demonstrates that African natural graphite can supply anode markets at scale; the value question is whether spheronisation and coating remain offshore.

Kabanga's proposed in-country hydrometallurgical refinery is the most explicit test of the value-addition thesis currently in development on the continent.

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